The Fourteenth Sunday after Trinity

The Fourteenth Sunday after Trinity – September 1, 2024

Psalm 84; Proverbs 4:10-23; Galatians 5:16-24

St. Luke 17:11-19

In the Name of the Father, and of the + Son, and of the Holy Spirit. Amen.

In the collect for today, we asked that God would keep His Church with His perpetual mercy.[1] This wording connects us with the lepers who cry out to Jesus for His mercy. However, the original wording of this collect would have us ask God to keep His Church with His perpetual propitiation. Propitiation is the act of Jesus to appease, or satisfy, or resolve, the anger of the Father.[2] It is the aspect of the atonement that is directed toward God. Jesus’ death on the cross satisfied the punishment for sin. It satisfied God’s wrath toward sinful man.

A prayer for God to keep His Church through or by His perpetual propitiation is asking for God to continue to smile upon His people; that the propitiation of the wrath of God would last forever. How can God continue to smile upon His people? Only through the Body given and Blood shed of Jesus Christ. It doesn’t mean that Jesus’ Body and Blood are constantly re-sacrificed or constantly in a state of being sacrificed. Rather, that the Body and Blood of Jesus that were once crucified for the forgiveness of sins endures forever.[3] The crucifixion happened once. The effects of this sacrifice are perpetual, that is, they last forever.[4] They endure. The satisfaction of God’s anger toward sin is an everlasting state because Jesus is forever the Crucified One; crucified as adjective not verb.[5]

How might a return to this earlier collect be appropriate for this Gospel reading? The ten lepers cry out to Jesus to have mercy on them. They do not announce their leprosy, as commanded in the law. They do not beg for healing. They ask Jesus for mercy. They lift up their voices, a phrase commonly used for prayer. Jesus has mercy on them. All ten are cleansed. All ten are healed. But only one returns. Only the Samaritan returns to glorify God, that is, to give thanks to Jesus.

Did you catch that? What you might think of as two distinct actions are in fact one. The Samaritan leper glorifies God with a loud voice, that is, he falls on his face before Jesus’ feet and give Him thanks. The falling on his face is an act of worship. It is the word for worship. He bows before Jesus because he has realized that Jesus is the God of all creation. He is the Alpha and the Omega. The courts of the Lord, the Holy Habitation of the Almighty is the presence of Jesus.[6] The Samaritan knows this by faith and his faith guides his actions. Better to be in the presence of the Body and Blood of Jesus than to spend a thousand days anywhere else.

Last Sunday, Jesus identified Himself as a Samaritan, as the Good Samaritan. The Samaritans and the Israelites were once the same people. But 700 or so years before the birth of Jesus, the Assyrians invaded Israel and cast many of the northern tribes into exile.[7] The Assyrians then imported hundreds of foreigners into the region and these intermarried with the native Israelites. Soon, the importation of foreigners led to a mixing not only of peoples but of religion. It began as continued worship of their foreign, pagan gods but soon this worship was placed on top of the worship of the true God. The Samaritans are the result of this mixing. They accepted the first five books of the bible but rejected all others. They centered their worship on Mount Gerizim rather than Jerusalem.

Once the Kingdom of Judah returned from exile in Babylon, the tide turned, and the Judeans began to persecute the Samaritans. In 172 BC, the Judeans destroyed the Samaritan temple on Mount Gerizim. There are hundreds of years of bad blood between the Jews and the Samaritans. The Samaritans are mixed blood heretics in the eyes of the Judeans. By the time of our text, the Samaritans are a tiny community, barely hanging on to existence.

And yet it is a Samaritan who can recognize the Messiah. It is a Samaritan who sees the True God in the flesh and knows to worship Him. It is a Samaritan to whom our Lord compares Himself in the parable of last week.

The Pharisees, and by consequence the most people living in the Near East, considered leprosy to be the consequence of sin. Since leprosy can refer to several different diseases in the Bible, it is entirely possible that in some cases it is the result of sin. There are actions and behaviors that lead directly to life altering diseases. At the same time, there are some who contract these diseases by chance. They have done nothing wrong. As they ask Jesus regarding the blind man, “Whose sin caused this disease, this man’s or his parents?’”

In either case, whether one’s behavior causes the disease or one is simply a victim of the disease, the Christian response is (in the first place) the same: repentance. In falling on is face before the feet of Jesus, the Samaritan is doing exactly that. He is glorifying God by recognizing his own unworthiness. “Lord, Jesus Christ, thank you for having had mercy upon me, a sinner!”

This is how we know that the Samaritan gave thanks to God for His perpetual propitiation. The Samaritan recognizes his sorry state. It was plainly obvious in his condition! The wrath of God was seen in the oozing sores of his flesh, a constant and painful reminder of his sin. This man, as all men, was in need of the mercy of God, something that could only be achieved through reconciliation with the Father.

And how might the wrath of God be satisfied? How might the anger of God be turned away from the Samaritan? The breaking of the Body and shedding of the Blood of Jesus. The very same Body and Blood which still effects your salvation. You are in every bit as much need of salvation as the Samaritan with oozing sores. Your sins are more hidden; the effects of your sins are likely more secret. But they are just as deadly as the Samaritan’s disease. The remedy is repentance, acknowledgment of your sins and an appeal to God for His mercy, which He has promised to all who believe, all who are baptized, all who trust in the saving Blood of Jesus.

Now, when I said that repentance was the Christian response to sin, whether sin suffered or sin outwardly committed, I said this response was the same in the first place. That is because a sin which is suffered must be responded to with repentance and faith. However, a sin that is outwardly committed must likewise be met with repentance and faith but also the fruits of repentance, namely, the putting away of that sin. After being healed and falling at the feet of Jesus, the Samaritan is not free to return to worshiping on Mount Gerizim. He is not free to return to rejecting all but the first five books of Moses. His freedom is now found in Jesus Christ. His freedom is from the sins which burdened him. He is now free to live as a child of the Heavenly Father, a child according to promise.

The Samaritan was a heretic by birth. He did not worship the True God from his youth. He worshiped a false god who went by the same name. He did not worship in truth and sincerity. But the presence of the Body and Blood of Jesus, the healing of this man’s body and soul, turns his worship toward that True God. He is turned by the words of Jesus to worship in truth and sincerity. He knows where salvation is to be found. If someone asked him the meaning of Isaiah 53, “But He was wounded for our transgressions, He was bruised for our iniquities…”[8] the Samaritan is unlikely to have an answer. But he gets it. He knows where salvation is to be found. He knows Jesus is the great high priest and salvation is found in His body alone.

Keep, we beseech Thee, O Lord, Thy Church with Thy perpetual propitiation; and because the frailty of man without Thee cannot but fall, keep us ever by Thy help from all things hurtful and lead us to all things profitable for our salvation; through the Holy Body and Precious Blood of Jesus Christ, Thy Son, our Lord, who livest and reignest with Thee and the Holy Ghost, ever one God, world without end.

In + Jesus’ name. Amen.

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[1] The change in this collect was brought to my attention via Rev. William Weedon’s blog post at https://www.gottesdienst.org/gottesblog/2020/9/13/thoughts-on-the-collect-trinity-xiv?rq=Trinity%20XIV.

[2] Hebrews 2:17.

[3] Psalm 118.

[4] Hebrews 7:24-25; 9:11-15.

[5] St. Matthew 28:5.

[6] Psalm 84:10.

[7] 2 Kings 17.

[8] Isaiah 53:5.

Ad Te Levavi (Advent 1)

Ad Te Levavi (Advent 1) – November 27, 2022

Psalm 25; Jeremiah 23:5-8; Romans 13:[8-10] 11-14

St. Matthew 21:1-9

In the Name of the Father, and of the + Son, and of the Holy Spirit. Amen.

No one man, not even a group of men, sat down and created the Church Year, or the liturgy. It has developed over hundreds, even thousands of years. Because of this slow development, handed down over generations, there are some parts of the Church Year that don’t seem to make sense. This slow development has also led to many insights that one man alone could not conceive. The beginning of the Church Year occurring with Advent and the choice of the Triumphal Entry as the first Gospel reading of the year are just such magnificent insights.

The word “advent” means “coming.” Thus, in the season of Advent, we celebrate three times our Lord comes to man. First, He came in the flesh, born of a Virgin in Bethlehem. Second, He comes to us by grace, wherever His Word is spoken, and His sacraments received. Finally, He will come in power and might to judge the living and the dead.

The season of Advent is then the perfect bridge to bring us from the end of the Church Year to its beginning. We end the Church Year hearing our Lord’s teachings and warnings about His return. We heard of the division of the Sheep and the Goats, where many who believe they are Christians by their outward works will be condemned and those whose faith has taken hold in their hearts will be saved.[1] We heard also of the wise and foolish virgins, in which our Lord calls His beloved Church to vigilance, for we know not the day or the hour of His return.[2]

After this focus on Christ’s return in judgment, we hear of our Lord entering Jerusalem for the last time. He comes humbly, seated on a donkey, and rides into the city to die. He is coming to fulfill His ministry. He is coming to fulfill your salvation. He is coming to die that He would rise and conquer death. This text is heard in the context of Advent, the season immediately before Christmas, when we celebrate His coming in the flesh, the Incarnation. The Son of God must have taken on flesh so that He could die in your place. Therefore, we begin the Church Year by encompassing the two greatest feasts on our calendar: the Incarnation at Christmas, and the death and resurrection at Holy Week and Easter.

Christ’s entry into Jerusalem has another aspect that directly affects you today. The crowds that gather to hail our Lord proclaim, “Hosanna to the Son of David! Blessed is He who comes in the name of the Lord! Hosanna in the highest!”[3] You sing these words every Sunday, as you hail the coming of your Lord in and under the Bread and Wine. You sing them in the Sanctus. 

When the crowd proclaims them, they are reciting at least a portion of Psalm 118, if not the entire psalm. What is far more interesting is that they change the psalm. The twenty-fifth and twenty-sixth verses of Psalm 118 read, “Save now [or hosanna], I pray, O Lord; O Lord, I pray, send now prosperity. Blessed is he who comes in the name of the Lord! We have blessed you from the house of the Lord.”[4] The crowd replaces the divine name, “O Lord” with “the Son of David.” This is a Messianic title. They are saying that Yahweh, the Lord God Almighty, is the Messiah, the Savior, the One who comes to save them. What’s more is that they are saying that this Jesus is that Messiah. Jesus is the Messiah who is the Lord God Almighty and has come to save them from sin, death, and the devil.

There is a problem, however. This same crowd, when asked about the identity of this man, will call Jesus nothing more than a prophet from Nazareth.[5] It is almost certain that a portion, if not the entirety, of this crowd will also be present days later when they cry out, “Crucify Him!” These subsequent actions force us to ask, “Did they know what they were saying on Palm Sunday? Did they know they were heralding the coming of the Son of God in the flesh?”

Scripture is silent as to their understanding and so we cannot answer this question. There were certainly some within the crowd who had faith and knew Jesus to be the Messiah. Even some of these likely got caught up in their own sin and joined in with the cries to crucify their Messiah.

A more fruitful answer to the question of just what the crowd understood is this, “Do you know what you are saying?” The danger of a set liturgy is it can become rote, memorized and repeated without thinking. How often do you find yourself reading from the page, responding from memory, or even forgetting to respond without thinking? How often do you look up from your morning devotion and not remember a single word you have read? How often have you not cared about what you say, chant, sing, or read?

These are truly dangers to your soul. Such sloth is dangerous because it is treating the Holy Word of God as less than common. If you can recite the stats of players from the Chiefs but not a psalm, then shame on you. If you know the words to the top 10 hits of any decade but cannot sing a hymn from memory, then shame on you. This is not from lack of access nor opportunity. It is from lack of desire.

It is true that memory is difficult and becomes far more difficult with age. The shame of which I speak does not come from the failure of your memory but from your misplaced priorities. The desire to know the Scriptures, to know what God says to you is part and parcel of faith. If only we recognized the multitude of gifts God has given us each day, we would shout with joy, “Oh, give thanks to the Lord, for He is good! For His mercy endures forever!”[6] Instead, we grumble when trouble arises. We grumble with fear when facing a situation that seems hopeless. We accuse God of being unjust because we don’t get what we want. We sound like spoiled children. 

Nothing we sing, speak, read, or pray in the Church that just fills the silence. Drawn from Scripture, the Liturgy is God’s Word coming to you in manifold and rich ways. No one can be expected to know and understand every insight of the liturgy, but all are expected to receive it. All can sit in quiet contemplation of the Word of God. All can search the Word of God for the understanding of why we sing what we sing or say what we say. You may not find the answer to your specific question, but you will be enriched by the journey.

Lest we fall into the trap of moving from slothful ignorance of God’s Word to purely satisfying intellectual curiosity, remember that it is in the Word of God and His Holy sacraments that Christ comes to you today. He comes to you in that very Word which we sing, chant, speak, and read. He comes to you humbly, seated in Bread and Wine. He comes to you in grace, not on account of your preparations or worthiness, but on account of His love and mercy. He has descended into your flesh so that you would be elevated to be with Him in eternity.

Today, and at every celebration of the Lord’s Supper, when you sing the words of the Sanctus, remember that you stand with the crowds. You stand with them both as they hail the coming of their Lord and cry out for His death. You stand with them because you are prone to fall into sin. You stand with them as you hail the coming of your Savior. You also stand with them as you await the final coming of Christ, when He will descend not upon a donkey or a paten, but upon a cloud. You stand with the crowd in the shame of your sins and cry out to the one who has come to relieve you of those sins. You stand and sing because the Lord is good, for His mercy endures forever.

In + Jesus’ name. Amen.

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[1] St. Matthew 25:31-46; the Holy Gospel for Trinity 26, the Second Last Sunday in the Church Year.

[2] St. Matthew 25:1-13; the Holy Gospel for Trinity 27, the Last Sunday in the Church Year.

[3] St. Matthew 21:9.

[4] Psalm 118:25-26.

[5] St. Matthew 21:11.

[6] Psalm 118:1.